Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can present differently in girls and boys. We have outlined some of these differences from research.
Girls may be more likely to:
Experience more internalizing symptoms (e.g., heightened anxiety, hyperactivity which is internalised and can lead to day dreaming)
Show less directly observable symptoms
Have lower self-esteem
Show more inattention
Boys may be more likely to:
Experience more externalising symptoms (e.g., hyperactivity, impulsivity)
Show more behaviours that are overtly disruptive
Be referred for an ADHD assessment by classroom staff because of disruptive behaviours
References:
Skogli, E. W., Teicher, M. H., Andersen, P. N., Hovik, K. T., & Øie, M. (2013). ADHD in girls and boys–gender differences in co-existing symptoms and executive function measures. BMC psychiatry, 13(1), 1-12.
Grskovic, J. A., & Zentall, S. S. (2010). Understanding ADHD in Girls: Identification and Social Characteristics. International journal of special education, 25(1), 171-184.
Mowlem, F., Agnew-Blais, J., Taylor, E., & Asherson, P. (2019). Do different factors influence whether girls versus boys meet ADHD diagnostic criteria? Sex differences among children with high ADHD symptoms. Psychiatry research, 272, 765-773.
Rucklidge, J. J. (2008). Gender differences in ADHD: implications for psychosocial treatments. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8(4), 643-655.
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